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Anna of Russia
Anna Ioannovna ((ロシア語:Анна Иоанновна); – ), also spelled Anna Ivanovna and sometimes anglicized as Anne, was regent of the duchy of Courland from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740.
==Early life==
Anna was born in Moscow to Ivan V—the mentally-disabled brother of Peter the Great—and Praskovia Saltykova. She was primarily raised by her mother, a very stern woman.〔Philip Longworth. The Three Empresses: Catherine I, Anna and Elizabeth of Russia. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972. 79.〕 By her orders she was to be raised for the nunnery; she grew up confined to a royal cult of domesticity.〔Longworth, 80, 81.〕 This type of confinement was known to not allow for development of personality and explains the cruel tendencies of Anna, who followed in her mother’s footsteps. Her education consisted of French, German, dancing, religious text, and folklore.〔Longworth, 81.〕 As she grew older, she was obstinate and had a mean streak, earning her the nickname “Ivan the Terrible.” Her family moved to St. Petersburg under the order of Tsar Peter the Great and this had a significant effect on Anna; she enjoyed the grandeur society.〔Longworth, 81〕
Peter the Great also arranged her marriage to Frederick William, Duke of Courland in November 1710.〔Longworth, 82.〕 With her dowry of 200,000 roubles, Anna was wed in a grand affair.〔Longworth, 82〕 A parody of their wedding was performed soon after by two dwarfs jumping out of pies immediately following the ceremony.〔Longworth, 83.〕 Just a few short weeks after the marriage and only twenty miles out of St. Petersburg on the road to Courland, Duke Frederick died. The cause of death was uncertain, attributed to a chill or the effects of alcohol.〔Longworth, 83.〕
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